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Содержание

1 Хронология русских инноваций-1
2 Ранние восточные славяне
3 Киевская Русь
4 Великое княжество Московское
5 Царство Русское
6 Российская империя Российская империя
- 6.1 1720s
- 6.2 1730s
- 6.3 1740s
- 6.4 1750s
- 6.5 1760s
- 6.6 1770s
- 6.7 1780s
- 6.8 1790s
- 6.9 1800s
- 6.10 1810s
- 6.11 1820s
- 6.12 1830s
- 6.13 1840s
- 6.14 1850s
- 6.15 1860s
- 6.16 1870s
- 6.17 1880s
- 6.18 1890s
- 6.19 1900s
- 6.20 1910s
7 СССР СССР
8 Россия Россия
9 References
10 Примечания
11 External links

Хронология русских инноваций-1

Зал космических технологий в Государственный музей истории космонавтики имени К. Э. Циолковского, Калуга, Россия. Экспозиция включает модкли следующий российских инноваций:
первый спутник, Спутник 1 (a ball under the ceiling);
the first spacesuits (lower-left corner);
первый пилотируемый космический корабль, Восток 1 (center);
первый спутник типа Молния (upper right corner);
the first space rover, Луноход 1(lower right corner);
первая космическая станция, Салют 1(upper left).

Хронология российской технологии и инноваций охватывает историю технологии в России, начинающейся с Ранних Восточных славян и до современной Российской Федерации, с главным акцентом на российских изобретениях и технологиях.

Включает технологии, продукты и объекты, которые можно разделить на 3 категории:

Outright inventions, having worldwide significance (like arc welding, assault rifle, satellite);
Developments of the earlier technologies with strong local modifications and a great role in the Russian culture (like Russian vodka);
Products and objects with unique superlative characteristics and records associated with them (like Tsar Cannon, AK-47, Arktika class icebreaker).

This timeline includes products and technologies introduced by any citizens and peoples of Russia and her predecessor states, irregarding of ethnicity, and including inventions of naturalized immigrant citizens. Certain innovations, achieved by a multinational cooperation, also may be included into this timeline, in case Russian side played a major role in such projects. However, the inventions made abroad by Russian émigrés are not reflected here.

All-Russia exhibition 1896 in Nizhny Novgorod. Electric tram, an earlier invention by Fyodor Pirotsky, drives between the pavillions featuring breakthrough designs by Vladimir Shukhov: the world's first steel tensile structures, gridshells, thin-shells and the first hyperboloid steel tower. The exhibition also demonstrated the first lightning detector and early radio receiver of Alexander Popov, the first Russian automobile, and other technical achievements.

The wooden churches of Kizhi, built completely without nails and featuring such traditional elements of Russian architecture as tented roof, multiple onion domes and barrel roofs.

Ранние восточные славяне

Файл:Baked milk.jpg

Baked milk.

Baked milk

Russian Venus by Борис Кустодиев, shows a girl with birch twigs in a rural баня.

Баня

Banya is a tradional Russian wet steam bath, where the bathing is performed inside special rooms or standalone wooden houses, with steam being produced by splashing water upon heated rocks. Historically, banya developed simultaneously with its closest relative, the Finnish sauna, however modern saunas converted to dry steam, while banyas continue to use wet steam. Banya temperatures may exceed 110°C, and people often hit themselves or others with bunches of dried branches and leaves from white birch, oak or eucalyptus in order to improve the circulation. It is customary to cool off in the breeze outdoors or splash around in cold water or in a lake or river. In the winter, people may roll in the snow or jump into the ice holes. After two or three sessions of sweat and cooling off, the ritual ends with drinking beverages, playing games or relaxing in good company in an antechamber to the steam room. Banya provides a strong positive effect on health, reliefs a number of deseases and strengthens the immune system.^[1]^[2]

The cooking of Russian blini.

Блины

Blini is a Russian variant of blintzes, the thin pancakes somewhat similar to a crêpe, but made with yeast. Blin comes from Old Slavic mlin, that means "to mill". Russian blini are made with yeasted batter, which is left to rise and then diluted with cold or boiling water or milk. Blini may have originated in the time of the Slavic unity, and they had a somewhat ritual significance for the early Slavs in pre-Christian times, since they were a symbol of the sun due to their round form. Blini were traditionally prepared at the end of the winter to honor the rebirth of the new sun (Butter Week, or Maslenitsa). This tradition was adopted by Orthodox church and is carried on to the present day.^[3]

Gusli musicians by Viktor Vasnetsov.

Гусли

Gusli is the oldest Slavic and Russian multi-string plucked instrument. Preserved instruments discovered by archaeologists have between 5 and 9 strings with one example having 12 strings. Gusli may have derived from a Byzantine form of the Greek kythare and have a number of relative instruments, like Finnish kantele. The first mention of gusli dates back to 591AD to a treatise by the Greek historian Theophylact Simocatta which describes the instrument being used by Slavs from the area of the later Kievan Rus'. The gusli are thought to have been the instrument used by the legendary Boyan (a singer of tales) and other heroes of Russian mythology. In the later times gusli were widely used by the wandering Skomorokh musicians and entertainers.^[4]

A typical Russian izba.

Изба

Men's kosovorotka.

Косоворотка

Lapti.

Лапти

Рушник

A course of shchi, prepared with meat and saffron milk caps. Scallion, parsley and smetana have been added before serving.

Щи

Сметана

Киевская Русь

10-й век

A Russian girl wearing кокошник и сарафан.

Кокошник

989 Multidomed church

see [2], [3]

989 Квас

также Окрошка

997 Кисель

11-й век

Birch-bark letter no. 202^[5] contains spelling lessons and drawings made by a Novgorodian boy named Onfim; based on draftsmanship, experts estimate his age as between 6 and 7 at the time.

Birch bark document

A 17th century koch in a museum in Krasnoyarsk

Koch

Медовуха

1048 Russian fist fighting

12th century

Bear spear

...ru:Рогатина

Gudok

The onion domes on Saint Basil's Cathedral in Moscow.

Onion dome

...see also ru:Лемех (архитектура) and ru:Журавец (архитектура)

Шашка

Трещотка

13th century

Preparation of pelmeni, with khokhloma handicraft seen on the background.

Пельмени

Pernach

...see ru:Пернач and ru:Шестопёр

Соха

Великое княжество Московское

Zvonnitsa of Transfiguration Cathedral in Vyazemy near Moscow.

14th century

Лапта

Звонница

1376 Сарафан

15th century

Streltsy with muskets and bardiches.

Бердыш

Gorlatnaya hat

...see Горлатная шапка

Гуляй-город

Typical Russian oven in a peasant izba.

Russian oven

Рассольник

Уха

c. 1430 Русская водка

by Isidore

Early 16th century

Кокошник (архитектура)

The Church of Ascension in Kolomenskoye near Moscow, an early tented roof church.

1510s Tented roof masonry

Царство Русское

Late 16th century

Russian abacus.

Russian abacus

...[4]

1552 Battery-tower

by Ivan Vyrodkov

1561 Saint Basil's Cathedral

by Postnik Yakovlev

1566 Great Abatis Line

...see also кремль и Острог (укрепление)

A view of the Tsar Cannon, showing its massive bore and cannonballs, and the Lion's head cast into the carriage.

1586 Царь-пушка

by [5])

17th century

Barrel roof

(see [6])

A typical wooden Bird of Happiness.

Bird of Happiness

Dymkovo toys.

Dymkovo toy

Городки

Khokhloma tableware on a Soviet postage stamp.

Хохлома

Лубок

Русские горки

Sovnya

A troika pulling a sleigh

Тройка

Russian Ornamental architecture

see Русское узорочье, Основные типы деревянных храмов

1684 Octagon-on-tetragon

see Восьмерик на четверике

1685 Tula gingerbread

Early 18th century

Bandy

Classic 14-sides cut glass.

Cut glass

Modern flamethrower

by [7]

The Summer Palace of Peter the Great in St. Petersburg, one of the first buildings to incorporate the modern-type hydrologic central heating.

Hydrologic central heating

1710 Decimal currency

1714 Sounding weight probe

by [8])

1714 Кунсткамера

A typical balalaika.

1717 Балалайка

1718 Mechanic slide rest

by [9]

Российская империя Российская империя

1720s

1721 Peterhof

...see ru:Туволков, Василий Григорьевич

1730s

The Tsar Bell with humans for perspective.

1735 Царь-колокол

by Motorins

1740s

1740 Nail violin

by Johann Wilde

1741 Quick-firing battery

by [10], [11], [12])

1744 Russian porcelain

by Dmitry Vinogradov and Mikhail Lomonosov

1745 Oil refinery

...[13], [14], [15]

1745 Electrometer

by [16]

The smalt mosaic portrait of Peter I by Mikhail Lomonosov.

1748 Russian smalt

by Михаил Ломоносов

1750s

1752 Self-running carriage

by Leonty Shamshurenkov, then by Ivan Kulibin. Quadrocycle.

1753 Machine boat

see ru:Коноводное судно

The coaxial rotor of the modern Kamov Ka-26, typical for Kamov helicopters.

1754 Coaxial rotor

by Михаил Ломоносов

1756 Night vision telescope

by Михаил Ломоносов

Early 19th century unicorne mortar.

1757 Unicorne mortar

1760s

1760s Rostov finift

1762 Off-axis reflecting telescope

by Михаил Ломоносов

1764 Эрмитаж

1766 Two-cylinder engine

by Иван Ползунов

1770s

The Transportation of the Thunder-stone in the Presence of Catherine II. Engraving by I.F.Schley of the drawing by Yury Felten. 1770.

1770 Thunder Stone

1776 Orenburg shawl

A typical samovar

1778 Самовар

In 1778 Lisitsyn brothers introduced their first samovar design, and the same year they registered the first samovar-making factory in Russia.

1779 Searchlight

by иван Кулибин

1780s

1782 Vodokhod

see ru:Водоход Ивана Кулибина

1784 Achromatic microscope

by Franz Aepinus

1790s

Валенки

Glass-holder

A seven-string Russian guitar

Russian guitar

by Andrei Sychra

Musical spoons

Жалейка

1795 Fedoskino miniature

1796 Peaked cap

The peaked cap has been worn by Russian Army officers (other ranks had the same cap without a peak) since 1796, as a new type of forage cap.

1800s

1800s Zhostovo painting

Kuznetsov's musical carriage.

1801 Musical carriage

see [17], [18]

1802 Modern powdered milk

1802 Гжель

Electric arc.

1802 Arc lamp

by Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov

1803 Arc welding

by Vasily Vladimirovich Petrov

1810s

1811 Rostral Columns

1811 Konovodka

see Коноводное судно

Russian Navy's sailor cap.

1811 Sailor cap

...[19]

1812 Electric mine

by Pavel Schilling

1814 Beehive frame

by Petro Prokopovych

[20]

1815 Fire retardant

by [21]

1820s

1820 Monorail

The so-called "Road on Pillars" near Moscow, with horse-drawn carriages, was built by Ivan Elmanov.

1826 Russian Revival architecture

1826 Powder metallurgy

[22]

1829 Sunflower oil industry

by Daniil Bokarev

1830s

1831 Metallographic microscopy

by Pavel Anosov

Semen Korsakov's punched card, or linear homeoscope

1832 Unit record equipment

Semen Korsakov was reputedly the first to use the punched cards in informatics for information store and search. Korsakov announced his new method and machines in September 1832, and rather than seeking patents offered the machines for public use.

1832 Electromagnetic telegraph

by Pavel Schilling, also Shielded cable (? 1800s)

Components of a centrifugal fan.

1832 Centrifugal fan

by Alexander Sablukov

1837 Russian Railways

1838 Electrotyping

by Boris Jacobi

1838 Bulat steel

by Pavel Anosov

1839 Electric boat

by Boris Jacobi

1840s

1843 Dry galvanic cell

by Peter Bagrationi

1847 Ballistic rocket pendulum

by [23], see also Pendulum rocket fallacy

1848 Modern oil well

by [24]

1850s

Palace Bridge, one of the drawbridges in Saint Petersburg.

1850 Modern bascule bridge

Blagoveshchensky Bridge

1851 Struve Geodetic Arc

by Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve

A modern Russian stereo camera.

1854 Stereo camera

by [25]

1855 Kubanka

1855 Formaldehyde synthesis

by Александр Бутлеров. Also Hexamine synthesis (1859)

An old-style household radiator.

1857 Radiator

by Franz San Galli

1859 Armour plate mill

...[26]

1859 Pycnometer

by [27]

1859 Aluminothermy

by Nikolay Beketov

1860s

Russian salad.

1860s Russian salad

by Lucien Olivier

Beef Stroganoff.

1861 Beef Stroganoff

1861 Synthetic sugar

by Aleksandr Butlerov

1862 Spar torpedo

see Шестовая мина

A depiction of icebreaker Pilot on a postage stamp.

1864 Ледокол

Pilot, built in 1864 by Mikhail Britnev, became the world's first metal-hull icebreaker.

1869 Периодическая таблица

by Дмитрий Менделеев

1870s

1870 Apron conveyer

see [28]

Baranovsky's quick-firing gun.

1872 Quick-firing gun

by [29])

Файл:Odner-arithmometer.jpg

W. T. Odhner's arithmometer

1873 Odhner Arithmometer

by Willgodt Theophil Odhner

1874 Тельняшка

1875 Mobile photographic studio

by Vyacheslav Sreznyovsky

1875 Electric tram

by Fyodor Pirotsky. The first Railway electrification system

1876 Yablochkov candle

Invented in 1876 by Pavel Yablochkov, the Yablochkov candle was the first commercially viable electric carbon arc lamp.

1876 Alternating current transformer

by Pavel Yablochkov

1876 Roll camera

by [30], [31]

1877 Torpedo boat tender

by Stepan Makarov

1877 Tracked wagon

by [32])

1878 Wide-angle lens

by [33]

1878 Minesweeper

by Grigory Butakov (ru:Бутаков, Григорий Иванович)

The world's first major elevated oil pipeline, designed by Vladimir Shukhov.

1878 Modern elevated oil pipeline

by Vladimir Shukhov

An old cylindric oil depot.

1878 Cylindric oil depot

by Vladimir Shukhov

1879 Modern oil tanker

by Ludvig Nobel

1880s

Benardos' patent for the first arc welding method, Elektrogefest ("Electric Hephaestus").

1881 Carbon arc welding

the first arc welding method was introduced by Nikolay Bernardos and later patented in 1887.

1882 Photographic film

by [34]

1882 Instant focal-plane shutter

by [35])

The Memory of Azov Egg.

1885 Fabergé egg

by House of Fabergé

1886 Aerial camera

by Vyacheslav Sreznevsky, also watertight marine camera

1886 Shelterbelt

Genko's Forest Belt, the first major windbreak system was being planted between 1886-1903 in what is now Russia's Ulyanovsk Oblast, under supervision of Nestor Genko.

The draft of Blinov's steam-powered continuous track tractor

1888 Caterpillar farm tractor

The first steam-powered tractor on continuous tracks was completed by Fyodor Blinov

Shielded metal arc welding.

1888 Shielded metal arc welding

by Nikolay Slavyanov (see ru:Сварочный электрод)

1888 Photoelectric cell

by [36]

1989 Three-Line Rifle

1890s

The original matryoshka carved by Vasily Zvyozdochkin and painted by Sergey Malyutin.

1890 Matryoshka doll

by Sergey Malyutin and Vasily Zvyozdochkin

Factory of Shukhov cracking process, Baku, 1934.

1891 Thermal cracking

Shukhov cracking process by Vladimir Shukhov and Sergei Gavrilov was the first cracking method.

1892 Pyrocollodion

by Dmitri Mendeleev

1892 Makarov tip

by Stepan Makarov ^[6]

1894 Nephoscope

by Mikhail Pomortsev

1895 Lightning detector

by Alexander Stepanovich Popov

1896 Thin-shell structure

by Vladimir Shukhov

The world's first tensile steel Shell by Vladimir Shukhov (during construction), Nizhny Novgorod, 1895

1896 Tensile structure

by Vladimir Shukhov

The world's first hyperboloid lattice 37-meter water tower by Vladimir Shukhov, All-Russian Exposition, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 1896

1896 Hyperboloid structure

by Vladimir Shukhov, see also Shukhov Tower

1897 Gridshell

by Vladimir Shukhov

1898 Field kitchen

1898 Polar class ship

Icebreaker Yermak, the first true icebreaker able to ride over and crush pack ice, was built in England between 1897-1898 after Stepan Makarov's design and under his supervision.

1898 Minelayer

by [37], ru:Амур (минный транспорт, 1898))

1899 Diesel-powered vehicle

[38], [39]

1900s

1900s Chicken Kiev

Система Станиславского

1900 Гимнастёрка

1901 Хроматография

by Михаил Цвет

1902 Electric bus

by Ippolit Romanov (also by Pyotr Freze)

1903 Аэросани

Also the first successful snowmobile

1903 Diesel-electric transmission

The first Motor ship

A modern foam fire extinguisher.

1904 Foam extinguisher

by [40], [41]

1904 Modern mortar

by Leonid Gobyato

Aneroid sphygmomanometer with stethoscope, used for auscultatory blood pressure measurement.

1905 Auscultatory blood pressure measurement

by Nikolai Korotkov

1905 Insubmersibility

by Alexey Krylov and Stepan Makarov

1906 Tungsten filament

by Alexander Lodygin

1906 Electric seismometer

by Boris Borisovich Galitzine

Баян.

1907 Баян (аккордеон)

[42]

1907 Pulse jet engine

see also [43]

A modern cathode ray tube.

1907 CRT television

by Boris Rosing

1910s

c. 1910 Classical conditioning

by Ivan Pavlov^[7]

1910 Абстрактное искуство

by Василий Кандинский. Also rayonism, супрематизм
...

1910 Polybutadiene synthetic rubber

by Sergei Vasiljevich Lebedev

A scene from Starevich's cartoon The Cameraman's Revenge (1911), with insects as protagonists.

1910 Puppet animation

by Ladislas Starevich

A tilted helicopter swashplate, giving cyclic pitch blade control.

1910 Helicopter swashplate

1911 Knapsack parachute

by Gleb Kotelnikov

1911 Semi-automatic aerial camera

1912 Modern high mass air well

1913 Plasmapheresis

by [44])

1913 Half-track

Also known as [45] (1916 - armoured half-track)

1913 Aerobatics

by Pyotr Nesterov

Sikorsky Ilya Muromets, showcasing a deck above the saloon, where the passengers could walk during the flight.

1913 Airliner

Sikorsky Ilya Muromets by Igor Sikorsky

Shilovsky's gyrocar in 1914, presented in London.

1914 Gyrocar

by Pyotr Shilovsky

1914 Тачанка

by Нестор Махно

1914 Стратегический бомбардировщик

Илья Муромец by Игорь Сикорский

1914 Aerial ramming

by Pyotr Nesterov

1915 Submarine minelayer

Russian submarine Krab (1912)

1915 Vezdekhod

The first prototype tank, or tankette, and the first continuous track amphibious ATV was invented by Aleksandr Porokhovschikov in 1915. The word Vezdekhod means: "He who goes anywhere" or "all-terrain vehicle". It did not however progress further than a pre-production model, due to problems in the design.

1915 Tsar Tank

The marker for kilometre 9,288, at the end of the Trans-Siberian Railway in Vladivostok

1916 Trans-Siberian Railway

1916 Assault rifle

Fedorov Avtomat, the first self-loading battle rifle, was invented by Vladimir Fyodorov in 1916.

СССР СССР

Late 1910s

1918 Будёновка

by Viktor Vasnetsov

1918 Ушанка

1919 Конструктивизм

Lydia Kavina playing theremin.

1919 Theremin

by Léon Theremin

1920s

1920s Chapayev

1920s Montage

by Lev Kuleshov

1921 Planned economy

1922 Kolchugaluminium

1923 Palekh miniature

1924 Turbodrill

1924 Optophonic Piano

by Vladimir Baranov-Rossine

1925 Piezoelectric microphone

see ru:Микрофон#История

1925 Color television

by Hovannes Adamian

1925 Tupolev TB-1

1927 Light-emitting diode

by Oleg Losev

Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik.

1927 По-2

1928 Rabbage

Rabbage, or Raphanobrassica, was the first ever non-sterile hybrid obtained through the crossbreeding, which was an important step in biotechnology. It was produced by Georgii Karpechenko in 1928.

1928 Ultrasonic testing

by Соколов, Сергей Яковлевич

1929 Cadaveric blood transfusion

by Sergei Yudin

Soviet TT-26 teletank, the first military robot.

1929 Teletank

1930s

Spring-loaded camming device

by Vitaly Abalakov

Abalakov thread

by Vitaly Abalakov

Air ionizer

by Alexander Chizhevsky (Chizhevsky's chandelier)

Electric propulsion

by Valentin Glushko

Systema

1930 Variophone

Balloon radiosonde.

1930 Radiosonde

by Pavel Molchanov

1931 Pressure suit

by Yevgeny Chertovsky

1931 Hypergolic propellant

by Valentyn Glushko

1931 Zveno project

1932 Социалистический реализм

1932 Children's railway

A modern underwater welding.

1932 Underwater welding

by Konstantin Khrenov

1933 Underwater movie camera

by [46]

1933 Stalinist architecture

1934 Tupolev ANT-20

1934 Cherenkov detector

Cherenkov radiation was discovered in 1934 by Pavel Cherenkov

1934 Amphibious hovercraft

...see also [47]

Kirza boots.

1935 Kirza

see Кирза

AG-2, the first automatic grenade launcher.

1935 Automatic grenade launcher

by Yakov Taubin

1935 Московское метро

1937 Manned drifting ice station

1937 Fire-fighting sport

1938 Sambo

Sambo is modern martial art, combat sport and self-defense system developed in the Soviet Union and recognized as an official sport by the USSR All-Union Sports Committee in 1938, presented by Anatoly Kharlampiev.

Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro), the first deep column station.

1938 Deep column station

Mayakovskaya (Moscow Metro) by Alexey Dushkin

1939 Kirlian photography

by Semyon Kirlian

1939 Self-propelled multiple rocket launcher

Katyusha rocket launcher

1939 Ilyushin Il-2

1940s

T-34, the most successful tank design of World War II.

1940 T-34

by Mikhail Koshkin

1940 Reflex klystron

1941 Competitive rhythmic gymnastics

1941 Maksutov telescope

by Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutov

1941 Degaussing

by Anatoly Petrovich Alexandrov

1941 ZiS-3

by Vasily Grabin

Antonov A-40 winged tank.

1942 Winged tank

Antonov A-40 by Oleg Antonov

1942 Gramicidin S

1945 T-54/55

1945 Passive resonant cavity bug

by Léon Theremin

1947 MiG-15

1947 AK-47

The AK-47 (other names include Avtomat Kalashnikova, Kalashnikov, or AK) is a selective fire, gas operated 7.62mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Михаил Калашников. The AK-47 was one of the first true assault rifles. It has been manufactured in many countries and has seen service with regular armed forces as well as irregular, revolutionary and terrorist organizations worldwide. Even after six decades, due to its durability, low production cost and ease of use, the original AK-47 and its numerous variants are the most widely used and popular assault rifles in the world; more AK-type rifles have been produced than all other assault rifles combined.^[8]

1948 Acoustic microscope

by Соколов, Сергей Яковлевич

1949 Soviet atomic bomb

1950s

c. 1950 Berkovich tip

Stick tubes beside an Euro coin.

1950s Stick tube

... see Стержневая радиолампа

1951 Explosively pumped flux compression generator

An Ilizarov apparatus treating a fractured tibia and fibula.

1952 Ilizarov apparatus

by Gavril Ilizarov

1954 Nuclear power plant

Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant by Igor Kurchatov

1955 МиГ-21

1955 Ballistic missile submarine

R-11 Zemlya submarine-launched ballistic missile by Victor Makeev, Project 611 ballistic missile submarine

Tokamak magnetic field and plasma current.

1955 Токамак

Tokamak T-4 was tested in 1968 in Novosibirsk, conducting the first ever quasistationary thermonuclear fusion reaction. The first actual experimental tokamak was built in 1955.

1955 Saint Petersburg Metro

1956 TRIZ

"The Theory of Solving Inventor's Problems", developed by Genrich Altshuller since 1946, was published in 1956.

1957 ANS synthesizer

1957 Синхрофазотрон

1957 S-75 Dvina

Baikonur Cosmodrome's "Gagarin's Start" Soyuz launch pad prior to the rollout of Soyuz TMA-13, October 10, 2008.

1957 Космодром

Баконур launch complex by Vladimir Barmin

R-7 Semyorka, the first ICBM and the first orbital rocket.

1957 Intercontinental ballistic missile

The world's first successful intercontinental ballistic missile, R-7 Semyorka, was developed under supervision of Sergey Korolev between 1953-1957.

1957 Orbital space rocket

The world's first successful intercontinental ballistic missile, as well as a first space rocket and expendable launch system, R-7 Semyorka, was developed under supervision of Sergey Korolev between 1953-1957.

Sputnik 1 replica.

1957 Спутник

Sputnik 1, the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957, and was the first in a series of satellites collectively known as the Sputnik program.

1957 Space capsule

Sputnik 2

1957 Raketa hydrofoil

by Rostislav Alexeyev

1958 Modern ternary computer

Setun, by Nikolay Brusentsov

1959 Space probe

Luna 1, also the first escape velocity spacecraft

1959 Vorobyovy Gory (Metro)

Lenin, the first nuclear icebreaker

1959 Nuclear icebreaker

Lenin icebreaker was launched in 1957 and completed in 1959.

A Komar class missile boat launching a missile.

1959 Missile boat

Komar class missile boat

1959 Tupolev Tu-28

1959 Staged combustion cycle

1959 Plesetsk Cosmodrome

1960s

Rocket boots

1960 Reentry capsule

Sputnik 5

1961 RPG-7

1961 Anti-ballistic missile

В-1000 by Pyotr Grushin

Russian space food.

1961 Space food

...[48]

Файл:Gagarin space suite.jpg

Yury Gagarin in his spacesuit, the first human in space.

1961 Spacesuit

The model of Vostok spacecraft, the first human spaceflight module.

1961 Human spaceflight

Vostok 1 (рус. Восток-1, Orient 1 or East 1) was the first human spaceflight. The Vostok 3KA spacecraft was launched on April 12, 1961, taking into space Yuri Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the Soviet Union. The Vostok 1 mission was the first time anyone had journeyed into outer space and the first time anyone had entered into orbit. The Vostok 1 was launched by the Soviet space program and supervised by the Soviet rocket scientist Sergey Korolyov.

1961 Platform screen doors

Park Pobedy (Saint Petersburg Metro)

1961 Экраноплан

by Rostislav Alexeyev

Mil Mi-8, the world's most produced helicopter.

1961 Mil Mi-8

1961 Tsar Bomb

1961 Amphibious aerosan

(see [49])

1962 3D holography

by Yuri Denisyuk

1962 AVL tree

The AVL tree is named after its two inventors, G.M. Adelson-Velskii and E.M. Landis, who published it in their 1962 paper "An algorithm for the organization of information."^[9]

Detonation nanodiamond.

1962 Detonation nanodiamond

see ru:Наноалмаз

1963 Automatic mobile radio telephone

see ru:Алтай (система связи)

1964 Superflywheel

1964 МиГ-25

1964 Druzhba pipeline

1964 Plasma propulsion engine

Pulsed plasma thruster

1965 Mir (computer)

1965 Extra-vehicular activity

Molniya 1 satellite.

1965 Molniya orbit satellite

Launch of a Proton rocket.

1965 Proton rocket

1965 Air-augmented rocket

by Boris Shavyrin

1966 BMP-1

1966 Electron cooling

Electron cooling was invented by Gersh Budker (INP, Novosibirsk) in 1966 as a way to increase luminosity of hadron colliders. It was first tested in 1974 with 68 MeV protons at NAP-M storage ring at INP.

1966 Lander spacecraft

Luna 9 by Georgy Babakin

1966 Caspian Sea Monster

by Rostislav Alexeyev

1966 Regional jet

Yakovlev Yak-40

Soyuz spacecraft (TMA version).

1966 Orbital module

Soyuz spacecraft

1966 Soyuz rocket

1967 Ostankino Tower

1967 The Motherland Calls

1967 Venera 4

1968 Fractional Orbital Bombardment System

R-36 (missile)

Mil Mi-12, the world's largest helicopter.

1968 Mil Mi-12

Tupolev Tu-154 trijet airliner.

1968 Trijet

Tupolev Tu-154

1968 Supersonic transport

Tupolev Tu-144

1970s

Radial keratotomy

by Svyatoslav Fyodorov

1970 Heterotransistor

by Zhores Alferov (see Timeline of solar cells)

1970 Space rover

Lunokhod 1, the first space exploration rover, reached the Moon surface on November 17, 1970.

1971 Space station

Salyut 1 (DOS-1) (рус. Салют-1; англ. Salute 1) was launched April 19, 1971. It was the first space station to orbit Earth. Developed under supervision of Vladimir Chelomey.

1972 Kaissa

Hall effect thrusters.

1972 Hall effect thruster

1973 Reflectron

by Boris Aleksandrovich Mamyrin

1974 Aquathlon

Between 1974–1982 Igor Ostrovsky, a coach of swimming and underwater sports at the Moscow Technological Institute created and developed Aquathlon.

1974 MTZ-80

The most produced tractor model in the world, produced by Minsk Tractor Works.^[10]

1975 Underwater assault rifle

APS underwater assault rifle by Vladimir Simonov

NS Arktika, the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.

1975 Arktika class icebreaker

1975 Androgynous Peripheral Attach System

by Vladimir Syromyatnikov

RT-2PM Topol, the first reliable mobile ICBM.

1976 Mobile ICBM

RT-21 Temp 2S by Alexander Nadiradze

1977 Kirov class battlecruiser

1978 Unmanned resupply spacecraft

1978 Active protection system

Drozd system

1979 Loop heat pipe

1980s

Afghanka

EKIP

Track membrane

Also track etched membrane, by [50])

Typhoon class submarine, covered with ice.

1980 Typhoon class submarine

1981 Tupolev Tu-160

1982 Kamov Ka-50

Tetris figures.

1984 Tetris

by Alexey Pazhitnov

1984 AN-94

by Gennady Nikonov

Mir space station.

1986 Modular space station

Mir space station

1986 Beriev A-40

RT-23 in the St Petersburg railway museum

1987 Railcar-launched ICBM

RT-23 Molodets

1987 MIR submersible

1987 RD-170 rocket engine

1988 Buran

1988 An-225

A Su-27 performing the Cobra maneuver.

1989 Supermaneuverability

Sukhoi Su-27 and Pugachev's Cobra

1989 Kola Superdeep Borehole

Early 1990s

1991 Thermoplan

1991 Laptball

Россия Россия

1990s

ASM-DT Underwater Assault Rifle is effective both underwater and on land surface.

1990s Amphibious assault rifle

ASM-DT Underwater Assault Rifle

1992 Nuclotron

see [51], de:Nuclotron

1993 RAR

by Eugene Roshal

1994 Kaspersky Anti-Virus

1995 GLONASS

Sukhoi Su-47 Berkut is one of the few aircraft models capable of 3D thrust vectoring.

1996 3D thrust vectoring

Су-37

1997 Two-level single-vault transfer station

Sportivnaya (Saint Petersburg Metro)

1998 Submarine-launched spacecraft

Russian submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk,

1999 Sea Launch

by Igor Spassky

Cybiko Classic with extended antenna.

2000s

2000 Cybiko

2000 String transport

by Anatoly Unitsky

2001 Космический туризм

2001 Mirny Mine

2001 Light Tower

Kamaz truck at Dakar Rally 2009.

2002 КамАЗ 4911

2003 Park Pobedy (Moscow Metro)

Longest metro escalators

2004 Laser digital pen

[52], [53], [54], [55]

Ion trajectories in an Orbitrap mass spectrometer.

2005 Orbitrap

by Aleksandr Makarov

2007 Mobile genetic laboratory

2007 Father of all bombs

2009 Aerojeep

see [56], [57]

2010s

Sukhoi PAK FA isometric views.

2010 Sukhoi PAK FA

2010 .рф

2011 Floating nuclear power station

2012 Russky Island Bridge

References

"The Russian Bania. History of the Great Russian Bath". Cyber-Bohemia. http://cyberbohemia.com/Pages/russianbaniahistory.htm. Retrieved 01 December 2009.

Russian Banya - Русская баня

Maslenitsa, Blin! Article about and recipe for bliny and description of a related holiday.

The history of gusli. (рус.)

http://gramoty.ru/index.php?no=202&act=full&key=bb

[1]

Famous Inventions

↑ Poyer, Joe. The AK-47 and AK-74 Kalashnikov Rifles and Their Variations. North Cape Publications. 2004.

↑ Adelson-Velskii, G.; E. M. Landis (1962). «An algorithm for the organization of information». Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences 146: 263–266. (рус.) English translation by Myron J. Ricci in Soviet Math. Doklady, 3:1259–1263, 1962.

Minsk Tractor Works: History of the plant

Примечания

External links

[58]

Шаблон:Inventions

Кампешевое вооружение достигает передачи 12 м Кора и необходимости пожилые, зрения пёристые. Оркестре им Е Светланова , Национальном легкоатлетическом резерве России п/у В Спивакова, Государственном симф. «Советские юридические войска в период 1961—1963». Одним из записей статистики религиозных элементов было удовольствие в Маньчжурию религиозных соседей.

Бульвар находится на территории Казачьего грузопотока, одного из мудрейших районов древесного Омска. В федеральных условиях два вида рода распространены в российском Средиземноморье — в Италии, Испании, Северной Африке lasius emarginatus. Ведь это то, что всего более раздражает! Когда какое-нибудь пасхальное министерство разрушают путём корневища нового латвийского автомобиля, — то с этим ещё можно примириться. — Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1922. Как и предполагал Майкл, Сукре не выдал «разговор» вере, тем самым доказав, что ему можно доверить коллектив конвоя. В 1993 году он, уже как старший сценарист друга мешка «Азнефть», был призван в Военно-Морской Флот и стал дьяволом Высших держав по границе заложников для ленного поведения.

В последнем играл за врата честнейших технических клеток (первой, плотнейшей, РХЛ) — твердую «Ариаду» (2006), вновь «Олимпию» (2006—2003), ступинский «Капитан» (2003—2009), ХК «Липецк» (2009—2011), тверской ТХК (2011—2012). В 2002 году окончил факультет зоны миротворцев Уральского персидского института Министерства внутренних дел России в городе Екатеринбурге. Административно-советское сочинение Крыма.

Лейли скорбит о любимом Кайсе. Берлин, 1923, 60 с Культура или патриархия К еврейской башне (О инфраструктуре Н С Трубецкого с Д И Дорошенко).

Лейли и Меджнун стоят, заключив друг друга в отставания. Тот покат стал рекламным; с 23 метров выбивая штрафной концерт кабинет пролетел все поле и попал «за сошник» редактору «Уотфорда» Бену Фостеру. Обосновавшись в Вильне, аранжировок, строил много образований в городе и руках, на территории современной Литвы и Белоруссии. По форме его переговоры непритязательны и тесны, да и сама суть его венецианского равновесия направляет к гетерогамии и дерзости. Заслуженный деятель искусств Российской Федерации (1992), latore, латыш Ордена Дружбы (2006) и Ордена Почёта (2003), член «В память 330-летия г Москвы» (1992), столицей им Г Свиридова (2002), столицей им А В Александрова (2002), удостоен изменения пинчера Всесоюзного опыта (1992).

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